The Republic Of Colombia Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The Republic Of Colombia Essay, Research Paper The Republic of Colombia is the 4th largest state in South America. It is located at the north-western tip of the continent. Its neighbours are Brazil and Venezuela to the E, Panama to the north-west, and Ecuador and Peru to the South. Colombia is the lone South American state that # 8217 ; s seashore is on the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. There are eight islands under Colombian regulation, and they are San Andres, Providencia, San Bernado, Islas del Rosario, Isla Fuerte, Gorgona, Gorgonilla, and Malpelo. Colombia # 8217 ; s terrain is about 45 % cragged. The major mountain concatenation is the Andes, which is the longest and 2nd highest mountain concatenation in the universe. The are three mountain ranges in Colombia that form the Andes. These are known as Cordilleras, which agencies range. The Cordillera Occidental is 680 stat mis long and is about 6,500 ft. high. This scope is on the western country that stretches from the equator to the Caribbean Sea. The Cordillera Oriental is the longest scope, at 750 stat mis long, and 8,530 ft. high and it cuts from northern Colombia to southern Colombia. The Cordillera Central is located in the centre of the state and is 689 stat mis long and 10,827 ft. high doing it the highest cordillera. The highest mountain point in Colombia is the Sierra Nevada at 19,055 foot. high. There are tonss of vents in Colombia. The Cumbal is 17,500 ft. high, the Chiles is 16,900 ft. high, the Purace is 17,060 ft. high, and the Pan de Azucar is 16,840 ft. high. The eastern part of Colombia is a grassy lowland. 1/6 of Colombia is uninhabited glacier land, and 1/5 is high tableland. Colombia has many rivers. The most of import river is the Magdalena which is 965 stat mis long and flows North to the Caribbean Sea. Others are the Meta, the Amazon, the Guaviare, and the Putamayo. There aren # 8217 ; t many lakes in Colombia. The largest lake in Colombia is Lake Cocha and is non really of import. If it wasn # 8217 ; T for the Andes mountain location, Colombia would hold an highly high clime since it is near the equator. However, Colombia # 8217 ; s clime is purely related to the height of the land and varies greatly from subdivision to subdivision. The hot part of Colombia has an mean temperature of 75 grades Fahrenheit, and are from sea degree to three 1000 pess. This country is along the Pacific seashore and in the eastern jungle part. Regions from three to six thousand pess above sea degree have an mean temperature of 65.5 grades Fahrenheit. This country is in the northern subdivision of the Andes and are largely agricultural. Regions from six to nine thousand pess above sea degree have an mean temperature of 53.6 grades Fahrenheit, and are considered cold. Most Colombians live in this part. Areas that are above nine thousand pess above sea degree are the badly cold parts and are and have an mean temperature of below 53 grades Fahrenheit. The winter months in Colombia are May, June, July, August, September, October, and November. This is the showery portion of the twelvemonth. Summer months are December, January, February, March, and April. This is the dry portion of the twelvemonth. Spring and Fall do non be. The rainiest portion of Colombia is the Choco country on the Pacific seashore. It rains on afternoons and eventides every twenty-four hours of the rainy season. It averages 400 inches of rainfall per twelvemonth. The driest topographic point is the Guijara Peninsula. It is located in the northern tip of Colombia, on the Caribbean Sea. It averages 10 inches of rain annually. Because of Colombia # 8217 ; s miscellaneous clime it can turn a broad scope of harvests. Merely five per centum of Colombia # 8217 ; s land is used for farming, although there is much more room to be used for farming. Coffee is the main agricultural merchandise, and Colombia is the universe # 8217 ; s second largest manufacturer, after Brazil, because java beans grow best at an lift between 4,300 and 6,600 pess. Sugarcane is grown in the hot temperate countries of the state. bananas are besides grown in the warm countries. Maize is grown under most climatic conditions, except at the highest lift. This harvest is of import to the hapless people of the state. Rice is grown in the hot and humid parts. A major job that Colombia faces is the cultivation of illegal drugs. The marihuana workss are grown in the Guajira Peninsula, because of the hot clime, and the dirt is perfect from turning it. Besides, the fact that the peninsula is on the Caribbean seashore, makes it easy to export it on ship. Colombia supplies half of the marihuana purchased in the Unites States. Most people think that cocaine is grown in Colombia, because most of the trusts that distribute it are from Colombia, but it is non. It is grown in Peru and Bolivia.1 Other major harvests are cotton, murphies, cassava, wheat, barley, baccy, chocolate tree, and beans. Colombia is one of the predominate farm animal bring forthing state in South America. The sum of cowss in Colombia is about every bit many as people at that place. Other farm animal include Equus caballuss, mules, donkey # 8217 ; s, hogs, sheep, and caprine animals. Colombia # 8217 ; s aquatic wildlife is found chiefly in the Amazon and Orinoco Rivers, and in the Oceans. The Orinoco River holds many fresh water species su ch as rainbow fishs, Ne tetras, and arapaima, which is the largest fresh water fish in the universe. The Amazon hold unsafe marauder, which travel in schools of 100 to 1,000, that tear flesh off animate beings. The Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea clasp mahimahis and stingray. Among the reptilians at that place are the Eunectes murinus, a H2O serpent, and legion lizards, and crocodiles. Among the mammal wildlife there are the grey-brown cougar, the spotted panther cat which Hunt on the fields, and the panther which lives near the watercourses to feed on the H2O animate beings. A unusual animate being is the stout tapir, with it # 8217 ; s scraggy legs, delicacy hooves, and long neb. The blood-sucking lamia chiropteran are found in Colombia, more than anyplace in the universe. Colombia has over 1,500 species of birds such as the hummingbird, bird of Jove, the glistening green jacamar, Colombia # 8217 ; s most beautiful tropical bird, the parrakeet, and the toucan. Colombia # 8217 ; s history began at about 5,000 B.C. when Indian groups roamed the district. About one tierce of them were of the Chibca folk, who lived where Bogota is now located. The town Bogota, which is presently the state # 8217 ; s capital, was named after Bacata, a Chibchan chief2. The Chibchans lived in small towns and were organized by category, and the people # 8217 ; s rank was inherited from their female parent. They mined gold, and farmed corn, beans, and murphies. Another folk was the Quimbaya, who lived on the western inclines of the Cordillera Central. Like the Chibcha, these people were really skilled in doing gilded objects such as nose rings, decorations, and necklaces. The rumours and narratives of these Indian folk doing gilded objects, lead Spaniard adventurers to come to Colombia looking for El Dorado. There was a fable that there was a land of gold known as El Dorado who # 8217 ; s where abouts were unknown. Colombia is named after Christopher Columbus, although he neer been on the Colombian mainland. On 1502 he sailed the Colombian shores. Colombia was really discovered by Alonso de Ojeda, who was one of Christopher Columbus # 8217 ; s work forces, in 1500. He was looking for El Dorado, but didn # 8217 ; t happen it. Him and his work forces stole many gold objects from the Indian folk, who were really skilled goldworkers, and took them back to Spain. From the period of 1499 to 1550, Colombian conquering and colonisation began. Rodrigo de Bastidas founded the first lasting colony in 1525 called Santa Marta. In 1533 another adventurer named Pedro de Heredia founded a colony called Cartagena. In 1536 the first expedition into Colombia # 8217 ; s inside was made by Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada. He lead his expedition up the Magdalena River. He finally founded the colony of Bogota. All these vanquishers conquered the land for the ownership of Spain. In 1549, King Charles V of Spain created something called an audencia of Colombia. An audencia is an administrative organic structure headed by a representative of the male monarch. It provided tribunals, a legislative assembly, and a civil authorities for Colombia. The conquering by Spain gave Colombia the Spanish linguistic communication, the Roman Catholic Church and the Spanish love of literature. In 1717 Colombia was made portion of a land which included Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama. This land was called The Kingdom of New Granada , and was owned by Spain, but in more distant manner when Colombia was separate. By 1795 the New Granada people were unsated with the manner the Spaniards ruled. Taxs were manner to high, and it all went to Madrid. Besides, they weren # 8217 ; T acquiring treated humanely by Spain. Word had spread out around the country of Gallic settlements arising for independency. When Napoleon # 8217 ; s forces invaded Spain, the leaders decided to take advantage of Spain # 8217 ; s failing and proposed independency on July 20, 1810. Spain refused and reestablished it # 8217 ; s self command over New Granada. On August 7, 1819, Simon Bolivar of Venezuela organized and lead an onslaught, and defeated the Spanish forces at the Battle of Boyaca. A few months subsequently, Venezuela and Colombia were united to organize the Greater Colombian Confederation. Simon Bolivar was President. In 1830, the Alliance ended because Venezuela wanted independency. Today, Colombia is a parliamentary democracy with presidential elections held every four old ages. The Congress holds Sessionss every twelvemonth between July and December and consists of two houses the Chamber of Deputies, which has 131 elected members, and the Senate with 63 members. The President appoints cabinet members and cheifs of disposals. Colombia is divided into 23 sections, and the president appoints a governer to head each section. The current president is Cesar Gaviria Trujillo. Colombia # 8217 ; s population today is about 34,296,000. 95 % of these people are Roman Catholic. The capital, Bogota has an estimated 4,921,00 people, and the 2nd largest metropolis, Cali, has 1,624,00 people. After Mexico and Brazil, Colombia is the 3rd most populolus state in Latin America.3 About one half of the population today is mestizo, a mixture of Indian and European descent.4 Europeans are about one fifth of the population, and and there are some inkinesss, and about 400 Indian folks.